Polyester

Background

Long Clear POE Rain Umbrella, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,POE Rain Umbrella. In this reaction,Portable Pocket Super Mini 3 Section Rain Umbrella.Cartoon Printing Super Mini 3 section Rain Umbrella.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Black Compact Super Mini 3 Section Rain Umbrella, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Super Mini Umbrella. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Promotional Manual Open Golf Umbrella-, soil-, and fire-Manual Open Golf Umbrella. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Polyester Fabric Animal Children Umbrella,POE Animal Children Umbrella.Fiberglass Long Automatic Children Umbrella, and not damaged by mildew.POE Long Automatic Children Umbrella, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,EVA Print Children Umbrella-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Manual Open Adult Wooden Stick Umbrella. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Rainbow Adult Stick Automatic Umbrella, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Special Rainbow Edge Long Adult Stick Umbrella. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Double Layer Special Adult Stick Umbrella,Automatic Long Stick Rain Umbrellas. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Gent Folding Super Mini Manual Open Umbrella, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Folding Manual Open Umbrella.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Wooden Two Folding Automatic Golf Umbrella. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Folding Umbrella.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Natural Cork Composition Sheets. The four basic forms are filament,Cork and Nitrile Rubber sheets, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Farmhouse Large Decorative Wall Clocks, producing smooth-Pallet Wood Barn Farmhouse Wall Clock.Black Windmill Wall Hook, filaments are cut to short,Inspired Home Windmill Decor Wall Hooks.Windmill Metal Wall Decor with Hook. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Quartz Decorative Wall Clock.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Multi-size Home Office Large Wall Clock,12 Inch Printed Face Wall Clock, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Christmas Wood and Metal Crafts. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Fall-wood and Metal Crafts, which are usually round,Bird House Spring Wood Planter. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Distressed Wood Slat Wall Mirror.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Large Windmill Home Decoration Wall Hook. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Vintage Look White Wash Metal Frame Wood Cabinet Storage With 6 Drawers.
• Vintage Look Cabinet,Cabinet with 6 Drawers. Also,Furniture,Metal Planter Tray With Handles.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Antique Metal Planter Pot with Stands Décor

Metal Planter, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Rectangular MDF Wood Planter. The rope-Square Mdf Wood Planter.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Geometric Wood Planter.Antique Distressed Color Wood Planter.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Graphite PTFE Yarn, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Multiple PTFE Filament Yarn.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)PTFE Packing with Kynol Fiber Corners.ASME Spiral Wound Gasket.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,glass-to-glass. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Exhaust Spiral Wound Gaskets.Special Materials Spiral Wound Gaskets, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Nuclear Spiral Wound Gasket.

The Future

Kynol Fiber Packing,graphite gasket's fastest-growing fiber.Carbonized Fiber Packing with Graphite. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Carbonized Fiber Packing, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,graphite gasket. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.teflon ring gasket, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.