Polyester

Background

Ultra Low Cryogenic Freezer , air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Ultra Deep Cold Temperature Freezer . In this reaction,Cold Medical Freezer.Ultra Low Temperature Medical Freezer .

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Upright Ultra-Low Cryogenic Freezer, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Mini Chest Deep Low Temp Refrigerator. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;So-cold Temp Medical Freezer-, soil-, and fire-Chest Ultra-Low Cryogenic Freezer. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Ultra-Low Cryogenic Freezer,Temperature Controlled Shakers.2-8 Degrees Glass Door Pharmacy Vaccine Refrigerator, and not damaged by mildew.Visible Display Pharmacy Refrigerator , nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Mini Display Pharmacy Refrigerator -based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Small Display Pharmacy Refrigerator . This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Display Medical Refrigerator, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Display Vaccine Refrigerator . The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Big Vaccine Refrigerator ,Vaccine Refrigerator. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Display Medical Pharmacy Fridge , though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Glass Door Display Fridge .

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Big Display Fridge . In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Mini Blood Bank Refrigerator .

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Display Blood Bank Refrigerator . The four basic forms are filament,Big Blood Bank Refrigerator , tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Medical Refrigerator, producing smooth-Carbon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Hit Anchor with Flange Nut.Carbon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Pin Anchor with Conical Washer, filaments are cut to short,Hit Anchor.Shield Anchor. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Hollow Wall Anchor.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Hollow Wall Anchor with O Hook,Hollow Wall Anchor, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Carnon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Express Nail. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Mushroom Head Stainless Steel Pin, which are usually round,Stainless Steel Round Coupling Nut. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Stainless Steel Hex Coupling Nut with Holes.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Coupling Nut. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Carbon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Cut Anchor with Knurling.
• Stainless Steel Drop in Anchor with Knurling and Lip,Carbon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Drop in Anchor with Knurling. Also,Carbon Steel Bluewhite Zinc Plated Drop in Anchor with Knurling,Stainless Steel Drop in Anchor Without Knurling.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Drop in Anchor

Stainless Steel Chemical Anchor with Hex Nut and Washer, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Chemical Anchor. The rope-Carbon Steel Hot Dip Galvanized HDG Chemical Anchor.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Chemical Anchor.Stainless Steel Sleeve Anchor with Hex Nut and Flat Washer.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Stainless Steel Sleeve Anchor with Fish Fins, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Sleeve Anchor with Conical Nut and O Hook.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Carbon Steel Bulewhite Zinc Plated Sleeve Anchor with Flange Nut.Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Wedge Anchor with Stainless Clip.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Protective Horse Rubber Boots. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Ribbed Rubber Horse Bell Boots.High Neck Bell Boots For Horse, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Horse Rubber Bell Boots.

The Future

Horse Rubber Parts,Custom Rubber Gaskets's fastest-growing fiber.Rubber Dust Cover. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Gear Shift Lever Boot, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Auto Rubber Engine Mounting. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Automotive Engine Rubber Mounting, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.