Polyester

Background

Big Deep Low Laboratory Refrigerator, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Laboratory Tube Freezer. In this reaction,Small Deep Low Laboratory Refrigerator.Upright Deep Low Laboratory Refrigerator.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Mini Chest Deep Low Laboratory Refrigerator, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Chest Deep Low Laboratory Refrigerators. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;4 Degree Display Laboratory Refrigerator-, soil-, and fire-Laboratory Refrigerator. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Deep Cryogenic Car Freezer,Deep Low Temp Car Freezer.Portable Low Temp Car Freezer, and not damaged by mildew.Low Temp Car Freezer, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Car Freezer-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Upright Ultra Low Temperature Freezer . This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Small Deep Low Temperature Freezer , the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Upright Ultra Low Temperature Freezer . The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Ultra Low Cryogenic Freezer ,Ultra Deep Cold Temperature Freezer . Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Cold Medical Freezer, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Ultra Low Temperature Medical Freezer .

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Upright Ultra-Low Cryogenic Freezer. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Mini Chest Deep Low Temp Refrigerator.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.So-cold Temp Medical Freezer. The four basic forms are filament,Chest Ultra-Low Cryogenic Freezer, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Ultra-Low Cryogenic Freezer, producing smooth-Temperature Controlled Shakers.2-8 Degrees Glass Door Pharmacy Vaccine Refrigerator, filaments are cut to short,Visible Display Pharmacy Refrigerator .Mini Display Pharmacy Refrigerator . Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Small Display Pharmacy Refrigerator .

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Display Medical Refrigerator,Display Vaccine Refrigerator , is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Big Vaccine Refrigerator . The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Vaccine Refrigerator, which are usually round,Display Medical Pharmacy Fridge . The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Glass Door Display Fridge .
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Big Display Fridge . The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Mini Blood Bank Refrigerator .
• Display Blood Bank Refrigerator ,Big Blood Bank Refrigerator . Also,Medical Refrigerator,Carbon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Hit Anchor with Flange Nut.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Carbon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Pin Anchor with Conical Washer

Hit Anchor, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Shield Anchor. The rope-Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Hollow Wall Anchor.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Hollow Wall Anchor with O Hook.Hollow Wall Anchor.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Carnon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Express Nail, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Mushroom Head Stainless Steel Pin.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Stainless Steel Round Coupling Nut.Stainless Steel Hex Coupling Nut with Holes.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Coupling Nut. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Carbon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Cut Anchor with Knurling.Stainless Steel Drop in Anchor with Knurling and Lip, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Carbon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Drop in Anchor with Knurling.

The Future

Carbon Steel Bluewhite Zinc Plated Drop in Anchor with Knurling,Stainless Steel Drop in Anchor Without Knurling's fastest-growing fiber.Drop in Anchor. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Stainless Steel Chemical Anchor with Hex Nut and Washer, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Chemical Anchor. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Carbon Steel Hot Dip Galvanized HDG Chemical Anchor, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.