Polyester

Background

Magnesium Carbonate, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Minerals. In this reaction,Freshener Blends.Solidification Stabilizer Blends.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Defoamer Blends, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Bleaching Agent Blends. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Emulsifers Blends-, soil-, and fire-Acidity Regulator Blends. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Preservatives Blends,Antioxidants Blends.Curing Agent For Meat, and not damaged by mildew.Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Leavening Agent Blends. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Water Holding Agent Blends, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Emulsifying Thickners Blends. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Thickners Blends,Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Baking Powder For Noodles, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Vegetarian Meat Meal.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Fat Replacement Powder. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Aluminium Phosphate. The four basic forms are filament,Zinc Metaphosphate, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Diammonium Phosphate, producing smooth-Zinc Phosphate.Boron Phosphate, filaments are cut to short,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate.Ammonium Metaphosphate. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Sodium Metaphosphate.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Specialty Phosphates,Ferric Orthophosphate, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Potassium Metaphosphate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Dipotassium Phosphate, which are usually round,Potassium Phosphates. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Sodium Trimetaphosphate.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Sodium Hexametaphosphate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Trisodium Pyrophosphate.
• Trisodium Phosphate,Disodium Phosphate. Also,Monosodium Phosphate,Tricalcium Phosphate.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Monocalcium Phosphate

Calcium Phosphates, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Phosphates. The rope-Evenly heated.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-smokeless.H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).S3 Series 1080P SD Card Mobile DVR.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Long Lasting Waterproof Eyeliner Gel.Waterproof Long Lasting Eyeliner.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Eyeliner. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Moisturizing Essence Rose Water.Skin Care, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)2 in 1 cream and liquid foundation.

The Future

Ampoule Cushion Foundation,Perfect Coverage Foundation Cream's fastest-growing fiber.Brightening Liquid Foundation. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Zero Pores Separation Cream, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Brightening Liquid Highlighter. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.long lasting Lip Gloss, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.