Polyester

Background

Dehumidifying and Drying Machinery, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Cabinet Dryer. In this reaction,Central Material Handling System.Dehumidifying and Drying Machine.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,European Type Hopper Dryer, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Hot Air Dryer. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;HDV Conveyor Integrated Hot Air Dryer-, soil-, and fire-Hopper Dryer. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Dehumidifying and Drying,Manganese Gluconate.Copper Gluconate, and not damaged by mildew.Zinc Gluconate, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Magnesium Gluconate-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Potassium Gluconate. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Magnesium Lactate, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Zinc Lactate. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Ferrous Lactate,Potassium Citrate. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Calcium Citrate, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Ferric Sulphate.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Magnesium Chloride. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Calcium Chloride.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Magnesium Carbonate. The four basic forms are filament,Minerals, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Freshener Blends, producing smooth-Solidification Stabilizer Blends.Defoamer Blends, filaments are cut to short,Bleaching Agent Blends.Emulsifers Blends. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Acidity Regulator Blends.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Preservatives Blends,Antioxidants Blends, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Curing Agent For Meat. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product, which are usually round,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Leavening Agent Blends.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Water Holding Agent Blends. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Emulsifying Thickners Blends.
• Thickners Blends,Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks. Also,Baking Powder For Noodles,Vegetarian Meat Meal.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Fat Replacement Powder

Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Aluminium Phosphate. The rope-Zinc Metaphosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Diammonium Phosphate.Zinc Phosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Boron Phosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Ammonium Metaphosphate.Sodium Metaphosphate.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Specialty Phosphates. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Ferric Orthophosphate.Potassium Metaphosphate, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Dipotassium Phosphate.

The Future

Potassium Phosphates,Sodium Trimetaphosphate's fastest-growing fiber.Sodium Hexametaphosphate. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Trisodium Pyrophosphate, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Trisodium Phosphate. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Disodium Phosphate, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.