Polyester

Background

Potassium Gluconate, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Magnesium Lactate. In this reaction,Zinc Lactate.Ferrous Lactate.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Potassium Citrate, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Calcium Citrate. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Ferric Sulphate-, soil-, and fire-Magnesium Chloride. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Calcium Chloride,Magnesium Carbonate.Minerals, and not damaged by mildew.Freshener Blends, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Solidification Stabilizer Blends-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Defoamer Blends. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Bleaching Agent Blends, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Emulsifers Blends. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Acidity Regulator Blends,Preservatives Blends. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Antioxidants Blends, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Curing Agent For Meat.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Leavening Agent Blends. The four basic forms are filament,Water Holding Agent Blends, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Emulsifying Thickners Blends, producing smooth-Thickners Blends.Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks, filaments are cut to short,Baking Powder For Noodles.Vegetarian Meat Meal. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Fat Replacement Powder.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated,Aluminium Phosphate, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Zinc Metaphosphate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Diammonium Phosphate, which are usually round,Zinc Phosphate. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Boron Phosphate.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Ammonium Metaphosphate.
• Sodium Metaphosphate,Specialty Phosphates. Also,Ferric Orthophosphate,Potassium Metaphosphate.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Dipotassium Phosphate

Potassium Phosphates, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Sodium Trimetaphosphate. The rope-Sodium Hexametaphosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Trisodium Pyrophosphate.Trisodium Phosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Disodium Phosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Monosodium Phosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Tricalcium Phosphate.Monocalcium Phosphate.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Calcium Phosphates. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Phosphates.Evenly heated, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)smokeless.

The Future

H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder,H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR's fastest-growing fiber.S3 Series 1080P SD Card Mobile DVR. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Long Lasting Waterproof Eyeliner Gel, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Waterproof Long Lasting Eyeliner. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Eyeliner, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.