Polyester

Background

Calcium Chloride, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Magnesium Carbonate. In this reaction,Minerals.Freshener Blends.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Solidification Stabilizer Blends, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Defoamer Blends. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Bleaching Agent Blends-, soil-, and fire-Emulsifers Blends. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Acidity Regulator Blends,Preservatives Blends.Antioxidants Blends, and not damaged by mildew.Curing Agent For Meat, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Leavening Agent Blends, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Water Holding Agent Blends. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Emulsifying Thickners Blends,Thickners Blends. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Baking Powder For Noodles.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Vegetarian Meat Meal. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Fat Replacement Powder.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated. The four basic forms are filament,Aluminium Phosphate, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Zinc Metaphosphate, producing smooth-Diammonium Phosphate.Zinc Phosphate, filaments are cut to short,Boron Phosphate.Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Ammonium Metaphosphate.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Sodium Metaphosphate,Specialty Phosphates, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Ferric Orthophosphate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Potassium Metaphosphate, which are usually round,Dipotassium Phosphate. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Potassium Phosphates.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Sodium Trimetaphosphate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Sodium Hexametaphosphate.
• Trisodium Pyrophosphate,Trisodium Phosphate. Also,Disodium Phosphate,Monosodium Phosphate.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Tricalcium Phosphate

Monocalcium Phosphate, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Calcium Phosphates. The rope-Phosphates.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Evenly heated.smokeless.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)S3 Series 1080P SD Card Mobile DVR.Long Lasting Waterproof Eyeliner Gel.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Waterproof Long Lasting Eyeliner. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Eyeliner.Moisturizing Essence Rose Water, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Skin Care.

The Future

2 in 1 cream and liquid foundation,Ampoule Cushion Foundation's fastest-growing fiber.Perfect Coverage Foundation Cream. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Brightening Liquid Foundation, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Zero Pores Separation Cream. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Brightening Liquid Highlighter, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.