Polyester

Background

Casting Machining, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Precision Machining Parts. In this reaction,Precision Machining.Other Machining.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Custom CNC Hinge, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Mechanical Door Lock. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Machining Sleeve-, soil-, and fire-Aluminum CNC Machining. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Aluminum Keyboard Case,CNC Machined shell of mini desktop computer.Disc Washer, and not damaged by mildew.Precision Washer, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Gasket For Other Purposes-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Other Washer. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Curved Spring Washer, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Spring Washer. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Size Flat Pad,Aluminum Oxide Color Washer. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Machining Anti Theft Nut, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Butterfly Nut.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Knurled Nut. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Brass Nut.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Diamond Nut. The four basic forms are filament,Four Grip Nut, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Other Nuts, producing smooth-Long Hexagon Nut.Slotted Hex Nut, filaments are cut to short,Hexagon Full Hole Slotted Insert Nut.Hexagon Flange Nut with Anti Slip Teeth. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Hexagon Socket Nut.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Hexagon Nut,Hand Tightening Screw, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Hand Screw. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Quincunx Slotted Round Head Screw, which are usually round,Quincunx Slotted Cylindrical Head Screw. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Hexagon Socket Knurled Cylindrical Head Screw.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Hexagon Socket Countersunk Head Screw. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Hexagon Socket Machine Screw.
• Slotted Round Head Screw,Slotting Machine Screw. Also,Screw,Long Bolt With Washer.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Multi Purpose Bolt

Anchor Bolt, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Eyebolt. The rope-Flower Basket Bolt.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Handle Cam Rod Bolt.Other Bolts.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Hexagon Bolt With Intermediate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Hexagon Head Bolt.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Round Head Bolt.T-shaped Countersunk Head Bolt.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Hexagon Socket Countersunk Head Bolt. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Cross Countersunk Head Bolt.Countersunk Head Bolt, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Bolt.

The Future

300ML Electric adhesive dispensing gun,Electric Adhesive Dispensing Gun's fastest-growing fiber.Manual Adhesive Dispensing Gun. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,250ML Pneumatic Adhesive Dispenser Application, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Pneumatic Adhesive Dispensing Gun. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Manual Adhesive Dispenser, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.