Polyester

Background

Calcium Citrate, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Ferric Sulphate. In this reaction,Magnesium Chloride.Calcium Chloride.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Magnesium Carbonate, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Minerals. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Freshener Blends-, soil-, and fire-Solidification Stabilizer Blends. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Defoamer Blends,Bleaching Agent Blends.Emulsifers Blends, and not damaged by mildew.Acidity Regulator Blends, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Preservatives Blends-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Antioxidants Blends. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Curing Agent For Meat, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet,Leavening Agent Blends. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Water Holding Agent Blends, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Emulsifying Thickners Blends.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Thickners Blends. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Baking Powder For Noodles. The four basic forms are filament,Vegetarian Meat Meal, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Fat Replacement Powder, producing smooth-Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated.Aluminium Phosphate, filaments are cut to short,Zinc Metaphosphate.Diammonium Phosphate. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Zinc Phosphate.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Boron Phosphate,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Ammonium Metaphosphate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Sodium Metaphosphate, which are usually round,Specialty Phosphates. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Ferric Orthophosphate.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Potassium Metaphosphate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Dipotassium Phosphate.
• Potassium Phosphates,Sodium Trimetaphosphate. Also,Sodium Hexametaphosphate,Trisodium Pyrophosphate.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Trisodium Phosphate

Disodium Phosphate, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Monosodium Phosphate. The rope-Tricalcium Phosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Monocalcium Phosphate.Calcium Phosphates.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Phosphates, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Evenly heated.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)smokeless.H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)S3 Series 1080P SD Card Mobile DVR.Long Lasting Waterproof Eyeliner Gel, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Waterproof Long Lasting Eyeliner.

The Future

Eyeliner,Moisturizing Essence Rose Water's fastest-growing fiber.Skin Care. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,2 in 1 cream and liquid foundation, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Ampoule Cushion Foundation. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Perfect Coverage Foundation Cream, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.