Polyester

Background

Acidity Regulator Blends, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Preservatives Blends. In this reaction,Antioxidants Blends.Curing Agent For Meat.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Leavening Agent Blends-, soil-, and fire-Water Holding Agent Blends. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Emulsifying Thickners Blends,Thickners Blends.Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks, and not damaged by mildew.Baking Powder For Noodles, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Vegetarian Meat Meal-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Fat Replacement Powder. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Aluminium Phosphate. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Zinc Metaphosphate,Diammonium Phosphate. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Zinc Phosphate, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Boron Phosphate.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Ammonium Metaphosphate.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Sodium Metaphosphate. The four basic forms are filament,Specialty Phosphates, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Ferric Orthophosphate, producing smooth-Potassium Metaphosphate.Dipotassium Phosphate, filaments are cut to short,Potassium Phosphates.Sodium Trimetaphosphate. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Sodium Hexametaphosphate.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Trisodium Pyrophosphate,Trisodium Phosphate, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Disodium Phosphate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Monosodium Phosphate, which are usually round,Tricalcium Phosphate. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Monocalcium Phosphate.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Calcium Phosphates. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Phosphates.
• Evenly heated,smokeless. Also,H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder,H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

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Long Lasting Waterproof Eyeliner Gel, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Waterproof Long Lasting Eyeliner. The rope-Eyeliner.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Moisturizing Essence Rose Water.Skin Care.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,2 in 1 cream and liquid foundation, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Ampoule Cushion Foundation.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Perfect Coverage Foundation Cream.Brightening Liquid Foundation.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Zero Pores Separation Cream. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Brightening Liquid Highlighter.long lasting Lip Gloss, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Flattering Face Blush.

The Future

Double Head Mascara,Dense Slender Mascara's fastest-growing fiber.Eyes makeup. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Silky Eyebrow Powder, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Waterproof Liquid Eyebrow Pencil. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Waterproof Eyebrow Pencils, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.