Polyester

Background

Zinc Gluconate, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Magnesium Gluconate. In this reaction,Potassium Gluconate.Magnesium Lactate.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Zinc Lactate, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Ferrous Lactate. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Potassium Citrate-, soil-, and fire-Calcium Citrate. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Ferric Sulphate,Magnesium Chloride.Calcium Chloride, and not damaged by mildew.Magnesium Carbonate, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Minerals-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Freshener Blends. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Solidification Stabilizer Blends, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Defoamer Blends. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Bleaching Agent Blends,Emulsifers Blends. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Acidity Regulator Blends, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Preservatives Blends.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Antioxidants Blends. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Curing Agent For Meat.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product. The four basic forms are filament,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Leavening Agent Blends, producing smooth-Water Holding Agent Blends.Emulsifying Thickners Blends, filaments are cut to short,Thickners Blends.Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Baking Powder For Noodles.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Vegetarian Meat Meal,Fat Replacement Powder, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Aluminium Phosphate, which are usually round,Zinc Metaphosphate. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Diammonium Phosphate.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Zinc Phosphate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Boron Phosphate.
• Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate,Ammonium Metaphosphate. Also,Sodium Metaphosphate,Specialty Phosphates.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Ferric Orthophosphate

Potassium Metaphosphate, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Dipotassium Phosphate. The rope-Potassium Phosphates.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Sodium Trimetaphosphate.Sodium Hexametaphosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Trisodium Pyrophosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Trisodium Phosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Disodium Phosphate.Monosodium Phosphate.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Tricalcium Phosphate. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Monocalcium Phosphate.Calcium Phosphates, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Phosphates.

The Future

Evenly heated,smokeless's fastest-growing fiber.H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,S3 Series 1080P SD Card Mobile DVR. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Long Lasting Waterproof Eyeliner Gel, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.