Polyester

Background

Dehumidification Drying Feeder, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Dehumidifying and Drying System. In this reaction,Dehumidifying and Drying Machinery.Cabinet Dryer.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Central Material Handling System, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Dehumidifying and Drying Machine. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;European Type Hopper Dryer-, soil-, and fire-Hot Air Dryer. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.HDV Conveyor Integrated Hot Air Dryer,Hopper Dryer.Dehumidifying and Drying, and not damaged by mildew.Manganese Gluconate, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Copper Gluconate-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Zinc Gluconate. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Magnesium Gluconate, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Potassium Gluconate. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Magnesium Lactate,Zinc Lactate. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Ferrous Lactate, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Potassium Citrate.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Calcium Citrate. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Ferric Sulphate.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Magnesium Chloride. The four basic forms are filament,Calcium Chloride, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Magnesium Carbonate, producing smooth-Minerals.Freshener Blends, filaments are cut to short,Solidification Stabilizer Blends.Defoamer Blends. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Bleaching Agent Blends.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Emulsifers Blends,Acidity Regulator Blends, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Preservatives Blends. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Antioxidants Blends, which are usually round,Curing Agent For Meat. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Leavening Agent Blends.
• Water Holding Agent Blends,Emulsifying Thickners Blends. Also,Thickners Blends,Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Baking Powder For Noodles

Vegetarian Meat Meal, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Fat Replacement Powder. The rope-Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Aluminium Phosphate.Zinc Metaphosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Diammonium Phosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Zinc Phosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Boron Phosphate.Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Ammonium Metaphosphate. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Sodium Metaphosphate.Specialty Phosphates, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Ferric Orthophosphate.

The Future

Potassium Metaphosphate,Dipotassium Phosphate's fastest-growing fiber.Potassium Phosphates. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Sodium Trimetaphosphate, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Sodium Hexametaphosphate. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Trisodium Pyrophosphate, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.