Polyester

Background

Magnesium Gluconate, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Potassium Gluconate. In this reaction,Magnesium Lactate.Zinc Lactate.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Ferrous Lactate, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Potassium Citrate. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Calcium Citrate-, soil-, and fire-Ferric Sulphate. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Magnesium Chloride,Calcium Chloride.Magnesium Carbonate, and not damaged by mildew.Minerals, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Freshener Blends-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Solidification Stabilizer Blends. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Defoamer Blends, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Bleaching Agent Blends. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Emulsifers Blends,Acidity Regulator Blends. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Preservatives Blends, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Antioxidants Blends.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Curing Agent For Meat. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet. The four basic forms are filament,Leavening Agent Blends, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Water Holding Agent Blends, producing smooth-Emulsifying Thickners Blends.Thickners Blends, filaments are cut to short,Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks.Baking Powder For Noodles. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Vegetarian Meat Meal.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Fat Replacement Powder,Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Aluminium Phosphate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Zinc Metaphosphate, which are usually round,Diammonium Phosphate. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Zinc Phosphate.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Boron Phosphate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate.
• Ammonium Metaphosphate,Sodium Metaphosphate. Also,Specialty Phosphates,Ferric Orthophosphate.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Potassium Metaphosphate

Dipotassium Phosphate, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Potassium Phosphates. The rope-Sodium Trimetaphosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Sodium Hexametaphosphate.Trisodium Pyrophosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Trisodium Phosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Disodium Phosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Monosodium Phosphate.Tricalcium Phosphate.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Monocalcium Phosphate. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Calcium Phosphates.Phosphates, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Evenly heated.

The Future

smokeless,H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder's fastest-growing fiber.H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,S3 Series 1080P SD Card Mobile DVR, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Long Lasting Waterproof Eyeliner Gel. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Waterproof Long Lasting Eyeliner, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.