Polyester

Background

Defoamer Blends, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Bleaching Agent Blends. In this reaction,Emulsifers Blends.Acidity Regulator Blends.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Preservatives Blends, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Antioxidants Blends. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Curing Agent For Meat-, soil-, and fire-Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet,Leavening Agent Blends.Water Holding Agent Blends, and not damaged by mildew.Emulsifying Thickners Blends, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Thickners Blends-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Baking Powder For Noodles, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Vegetarian Meat Meal. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Fat Replacement Powder,Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Aluminium Phosphate, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Zinc Metaphosphate.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Diammonium Phosphate. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Zinc Phosphate.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Boron Phosphate. The four basic forms are filament,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Ammonium Metaphosphate, producing smooth-Sodium Metaphosphate.Specialty Phosphates, filaments are cut to short,Ferric Orthophosphate.Potassium Metaphosphate. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Dipotassium Phosphate.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Potassium Phosphates,Sodium Trimetaphosphate, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Sodium Hexametaphosphate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Trisodium Pyrophosphate, which are usually round,Trisodium Phosphate. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Disodium Phosphate.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Monosodium Phosphate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Tricalcium Phosphate.
• Monocalcium Phosphate,Calcium Phosphates. Also,Phosphates,Evenly heated.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

smokeless

H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR. The rope-S3 Series 1080P SD Card Mobile DVR.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Long Lasting Waterproof Eyeliner Gel.Waterproof Long Lasting Eyeliner.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Eyeliner, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Moisturizing Essence Rose Water.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Skin Care.2 in 1 cream and liquid foundation.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Ampoule Cushion Foundation. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Perfect Coverage Foundation Cream.Brightening Liquid Foundation, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Zero Pores Separation Cream.

The Future

Brightening Liquid Highlighter,long lasting Lip Gloss's fastest-growing fiber.Flattering Face Blush. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Double Head Mascara, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Dense Slender Mascara. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Eyes makeup, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.