Polyester

Background

Potassium Citrate, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Calcium Citrate. In this reaction,Ferric Sulphate.Magnesium Chloride.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Calcium Chloride, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Magnesium Carbonate. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Minerals-, soil-, and fire-Freshener Blends. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Solidification Stabilizer Blends,Defoamer Blends.Bleaching Agent Blends, and not damaged by mildew.Emulsifers Blends, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Acidity Regulator Blends-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Preservatives Blends. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Antioxidants Blends, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Curing Agent For Meat. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Leavening Agent Blends, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Water Holding Agent Blends.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Emulsifying Thickners Blends. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Thickners Blends.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks. The four basic forms are filament,Baking Powder For Noodles, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Vegetarian Meat Meal, producing smooth-Fat Replacement Powder.Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated, filaments are cut to short,Aluminium Phosphate.Zinc Metaphosphate. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Diammonium Phosphate.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Zinc Phosphate,Boron Phosphate, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Ammonium Metaphosphate, which are usually round,Sodium Metaphosphate. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Specialty Phosphates.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Ferric Orthophosphate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Potassium Metaphosphate.
• Dipotassium Phosphate,Potassium Phosphates. Also,Sodium Trimetaphosphate,Sodium Hexametaphosphate.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Trisodium Pyrophosphate

Trisodium Phosphate, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Disodium Phosphate. The rope-Monosodium Phosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Tricalcium Phosphate.Monocalcium Phosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Calcium Phosphates, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Phosphates.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Evenly heated.smokeless.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR.S3 Series 1080P SD Card Mobile DVR, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Long Lasting Waterproof Eyeliner Gel.

The Future

Waterproof Long Lasting Eyeliner,Eyeliner's fastest-growing fiber.Moisturizing Essence Rose Water. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Skin Care, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,2 in 1 cream and liquid foundation. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Ampoule Cushion Foundation, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.