Polyester

Background

Magnesium Lactate, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Zinc Lactate. In this reaction,Ferrous Lactate.Potassium Citrate.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Calcium Citrate, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Ferric Sulphate. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Magnesium Chloride-, soil-, and fire-Calcium Chloride. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Magnesium Carbonate,Minerals.Freshener Blends, and not damaged by mildew.Solidification Stabilizer Blends, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Defoamer Blends-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Bleaching Agent Blends. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Emulsifers Blends, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Acidity Regulator Blends. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Preservatives Blends,Antioxidants Blends. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Curing Agent For Meat, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Leavening Agent Blends.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Water Holding Agent Blends. The four basic forms are filament,Emulsifying Thickners Blends, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Thickners Blends, producing smooth-Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks.Baking Powder For Noodles, filaments are cut to short,Vegetarian Meat Meal.Fat Replacement Powder. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Aluminium Phosphate,Zinc Metaphosphate, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Diammonium Phosphate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Zinc Phosphate, which are usually round,Boron Phosphate. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Ammonium Metaphosphate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Sodium Metaphosphate.
• Specialty Phosphates,Ferric Orthophosphate. Also,Potassium Metaphosphate,Dipotassium Phosphate.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Potassium Phosphates

Sodium Trimetaphosphate, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Sodium Hexametaphosphate. The rope-Trisodium Pyrophosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Trisodium Phosphate.Disodium Phosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Monosodium Phosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Tricalcium Phosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Monocalcium Phosphate.Calcium Phosphates.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Phosphates. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Evenly heated.smokeless, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder.

The Future

H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR,S3 Series 1080P SD Card Mobile DVR's fastest-growing fiber.Long Lasting Waterproof Eyeliner Gel. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Waterproof Long Lasting Eyeliner, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Eyeliner. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Moisturizing Essence Rose Water, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.