Polyester

Background

Dehumidifying and Drying System, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Dehumidifying and Drying Machinery. In this reaction,Cabinet Dryer.Central Material Handling System.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Dehumidifying and Drying Machine, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.European Type Hopper Dryer. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Hot Air Dryer-, soil-, and fire-HDV Conveyor Integrated Hot Air Dryer. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Hopper Dryer,Dehumidifying and Drying.Manganese Gluconate, and not damaged by mildew.Copper Gluconate, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Zinc Gluconate-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Magnesium Gluconate. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Potassium Gluconate, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Magnesium Lactate. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Zinc Lactate,Ferrous Lactate. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Potassium Citrate, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Calcium Citrate.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Ferric Sulphate. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Magnesium Chloride.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Calcium Chloride. The four basic forms are filament,Magnesium Carbonate, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Minerals, producing smooth-Freshener Blends.Solidification Stabilizer Blends, filaments are cut to short,Defoamer Blends.Bleaching Agent Blends. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Emulsifers Blends.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Acidity Regulator Blends,Preservatives Blends, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Antioxidants Blends. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Curing Agent For Meat, which are usually round,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Leavening Agent Blends. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Water Holding Agent Blends.
• Emulsifying Thickners Blends,Thickners Blends. Also,Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks,Baking Powder For Noodles.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Vegetarian Meat Meal

Fat Replacement Powder, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated. The rope-Aluminium Phosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Zinc Metaphosphate.Diammonium Phosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Zinc Phosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Boron Phosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate.Ammonium Metaphosphate.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Sodium Metaphosphate. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Specialty Phosphates.Ferric Orthophosphate, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Potassium Metaphosphate.

The Future

Dipotassium Phosphate,Potassium Phosphates's fastest-growing fiber.Sodium Trimetaphosphate. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Sodium Hexametaphosphate, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Trisodium Pyrophosphate. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Trisodium Phosphate, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.