Polyester

Background

Hot Air Dryer, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,HDV Conveyor Integrated Hot Air Dryer. In this reaction,Hopper Dryer.Dehumidifying and Drying.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Manganese Gluconate, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Copper Gluconate. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Zinc Gluconate-, soil-, and fire-Magnesium Gluconate. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Potassium Gluconate,Magnesium Lactate.Zinc Lactate, and not damaged by mildew.Ferrous Lactate, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Potassium Citrate-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Calcium Citrate. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Ferric Sulphate, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Magnesium Chloride. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Calcium Chloride,Magnesium Carbonate. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Minerals, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Freshener Blends.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Solidification Stabilizer Blends. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Defoamer Blends.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Bleaching Agent Blends. The four basic forms are filament,Emulsifers Blends, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Acidity Regulator Blends, producing smooth-Preservatives Blends.Antioxidants Blends, filaments are cut to short,Curing Agent For Meat.Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Leavening Agent Blends,Water Holding Agent Blends, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Emulsifying Thickners Blends. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Thickners Blends, which are usually round,Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Baking Powder For Noodles.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Vegetarian Meat Meal. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Fat Replacement Powder.
• Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated,Aluminium Phosphate. Also,Zinc Metaphosphate,Diammonium Phosphate.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Zinc Phosphate

Boron Phosphate, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate. The rope-Ammonium Metaphosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Sodium Metaphosphate.Specialty Phosphates.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Ferric Orthophosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Potassium Metaphosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Dipotassium Phosphate.Potassium Phosphates.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Sodium Trimetaphosphate. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Sodium Hexametaphosphate.Trisodium Pyrophosphate, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Trisodium Phosphate.

The Future

Disodium Phosphate,Monosodium Phosphate's fastest-growing fiber.Tricalcium Phosphate. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Monocalcium Phosphate, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Calcium Phosphates. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Phosphates, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.