Polyester

Background

Heating and Cooling, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Self Contained Vacuum Hopper Loaders. In this reaction,Detachable Type Autoloader.European Type Hopper Dryers.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Dehumidification Drying Feeder, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Dehumidifying and Drying System. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Dehumidifying and Drying Machinery-, soil-, and fire-Cabinet Dryer. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Central Material Handling System,Dehumidifying and Drying Machine.European Type Hopper Dryer, and not damaged by mildew.Hot Air Dryer, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,HDV Conveyor Integrated Hot Air Dryer-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Hopper Dryer. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Dehumidifying and Drying, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Manganese Gluconate. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Copper Gluconate,Zinc Gluconate. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Magnesium Gluconate, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Potassium Gluconate.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Magnesium Lactate. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Zinc Lactate.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Ferrous Lactate. The four basic forms are filament,Potassium Citrate, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Calcium Citrate, producing smooth-Ferric Sulphate.Magnesium Chloride, filaments are cut to short,Calcium Chloride.Magnesium Carbonate. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Minerals.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Freshener Blends,Solidification Stabilizer Blends, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Defoamer Blends. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Bleaching Agent Blends, which are usually round,Emulsifers Blends. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Acidity Regulator Blends.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Preservatives Blends. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Antioxidants Blends.
• Curing Agent For Meat,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product. Also,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet,Leavening Agent Blends.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Water Holding Agent Blends

Emulsifying Thickners Blends, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Thickners Blends. The rope-Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Baking Powder For Noodles.Vegetarian Meat Meal.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Fat Replacement Powder, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Aluminium Phosphate.Zinc Metaphosphate.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Diammonium Phosphate. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Zinc Phosphate.Boron Phosphate, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate.

The Future

Ammonium Metaphosphate,Sodium Metaphosphate's fastest-growing fiber.Specialty Phosphates. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Ferric Orthophosphate, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Potassium Metaphosphate. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Dipotassium Phosphate, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.