Polyester

Background

Ferric Sulphate, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Magnesium Chloride. In this reaction,Calcium Chloride.Magnesium Carbonate.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Minerals, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Freshener Blends. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Solidification Stabilizer Blends-, soil-, and fire-Defoamer Blends. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Bleaching Agent Blends,Emulsifers Blends.Acidity Regulator Blends, and not damaged by mildew.Preservatives Blends, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Antioxidants Blends-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Curing Agent For Meat. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Leavening Agent Blends,Water Holding Agent Blends. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Emulsifying Thickners Blends, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Thickners Blends.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Baking Powder For Noodles.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Vegetarian Meat Meal. The four basic forms are filament,Fat Replacement Powder, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated, producing smooth-Aluminium Phosphate.Zinc Metaphosphate, filaments are cut to short,Diammonium Phosphate.Zinc Phosphate. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Boron Phosphate.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate,Ammonium Metaphosphate, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Sodium Metaphosphate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Specialty Phosphates, which are usually round,Ferric Orthophosphate. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Potassium Metaphosphate.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Dipotassium Phosphate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Potassium Phosphates.
• Sodium Trimetaphosphate,Sodium Hexametaphosphate. Also,Trisodium Pyrophosphate,Trisodium Phosphate.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Disodium Phosphate

Monosodium Phosphate, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Tricalcium Phosphate. The rope-Monocalcium Phosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Calcium Phosphates.Phosphates.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Evenly heated, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).smokeless.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder.H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,S3 Series 1080P SD Card Mobile DVR. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Long Lasting Waterproof Eyeliner Gel.Waterproof Long Lasting Eyeliner, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Eyeliner.

The Future

Moisturizing Essence Rose Water,Skin Care's fastest-growing fiber.2 in 1 cream and liquid foundation. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Ampoule Cushion Foundation, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Perfect Coverage Foundation Cream. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Brightening Liquid Foundation, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.