Polyester

Background

C19400, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,nickel silver alloy. In this reaction,silver points.Steel rivets.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Aluminum rivets, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.copper rivets. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;AgCdO Bimetal rivet-, soil-, and fire-AgCdO contact. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.CNC Parts,CuBe2 Beryllium Copper Strip.CuBe2 Beryllium Copper, and not damaged by mildew.C17200 Beryllium Copper Strip, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,C17200 Beryllium Copper-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Beryllium Copper. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,CuSn6 Phosphor Bronze Strip, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,C51900 Bronze Strip. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.C51000 Bronze Strip,CuSn5 Phosphor Bronze Strip. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.C5100 Bronze Strip, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.C28000 Brass Strip.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,H63 Brass Strip Coil. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,C27000 CuZn35 Brass.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.H65 Brass Strip Coil. The four basic forms are filament,C26000 CuZn30 Brass Strip, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,H80 Brass Strip Coil, producing smooth-C22000 CuZn10 Brass Strip.C22000 Brass Strip, filaments are cut to short,Brass Strip.C75200 Copper Nickel Zinc Strip. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.C7701 C7521 Nickel Silver Strip.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Copper Nickel Zinc,Nickel Silver Strip, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Nickel Plated Copper Strip. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.PCB Copper, which are usually round,Copper Clad. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Silver Onlay Brass Strip.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Silver Onlay. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Silver Clad Copper Strip.
• Silver Clad,Semi Tubular Brass Rivet. Also,Brass Tubular Rivet,Solid Brass Rivet.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Solid Copper Rivets

Copper Rivet, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Silver Contact Points. The rope-Electrical Contact Rivets.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Silver Tungsten Electrical Contact.Moving Contact Rivets.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Cervical Secretion IGFBP-1 PROM Test Strip, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Cervical Secretion IGFBP-1 PROM Test.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)IGFBP-1 PROM Test.Urine FSH Menopause Test Device.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,LH Ovulation Test. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Serum HCG Pregnancy Test.Urine hCG Pregnancy Test Strip, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Clip Cap.

The Future

Cotton Tip Applicators,Capsicum Plaster's fastest-growing fiber.Non-woven Surgical Tape. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Silk Surgical Tape, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Weelchairs. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Analog Hearing Aid, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.