Polyester

Background

Cleaning Cloth For Eyeglasses, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Packaging For Sunglasses. In this reaction,Spectacle Frame Box.Black Sunglasses Case Packaging.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Sunglasses Product Packaging, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Paper Packaging Box For Eyeglasses Frames. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Corrugated PVC Suction Hose-, soil-, and fire-Clear And Transparent PVC Tubing. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.PVC Clear Hose,General Purpose PVC Garden Hose.Non-kink PVC Garden Hose, and not damaged by mildew.Home PVC Garden Hose, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Flexible PVC Garden Hose-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Anti-UV PVC Garden Hose. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,PVC Garden Hose, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Torsion Free Garden Hose. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Reinforced Braided PVC Hose,Clear PVC Braided Hose. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Steel Wire Reinforced PVC Hose, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Non Toxic PVC Steel Wire Hose.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Medium Duty PVC Lay Flat Hose. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Pool Backwash PVC Layflat Hose.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.PVC Lay Flat Hose. The four basic forms are filament,Industrial PVC Steel Wire Suction Hose, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Gas Hose, producing smooth-Oxygen and Acetylene Torch Welding Hose.Oxygen Acetylene Hose, filaments are cut to short,Vinyl Tubing.Welding Gas Hose. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.PVC Suction Hose Pipe.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Grey PVC Suction Hose,Textile Braided PVC Suction and Discharge Hose, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Corrugated Clear Braided PVC Suction and Transfer Hose. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Pneumatic PVC Air Hose, which are usually round,Non Torsion PVC Garden Hose. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Green PVC Garden Hose.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,All-weather PVC Garden Hose. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Reinforced Braided PVC Hose.
• PVC Braided Hose Pipe,PVC Nylon Braided Hose. Also,PVC Wire Vacuum Transfer Hose,Anti-Static PVC Steel Wire Hose.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Fiber Reinforced PVC Steel Wire Hose

Non Toxic PVC Steel Wire Hose, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,PVC Fiber Reinforced Hose. The rope-General Purpose PVC Lay Flat Hose.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Blue PVC Layflat Hose.PVC Lay Flat Water Discharge Hose.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Lay Flat Irrigation Hose, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Oxygen Acetylene Hose.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Food Grade Crystal Clear Vinyl Tubing.Flexible PVC Vinyl Tubing.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Welding Gas Hose. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Grey PVC Suction Hose.Green PVC Suction Hose, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Clear Orange Braid PVC Water Suction Discharge Transfer Hose.

The Future

Heavy Duty Fabric Reinforced PVC Suction and Discharge Hose,PVC Suction Hose's fastest-growing fiber.General Purpose PVC Garden Hose. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Reinforced Braided PVC Hose, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,PVC Thunder Hose Pipe. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.PVC Spring Hose, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.