Polyester

Background

Upright Deep Low Laboratory Refrigerator, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Mini Chest Deep Low Laboratory Refrigerator. In this reaction,Chest Deep Low Laboratory Refrigerators.4 Degree Display Laboratory Refrigerator.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Laboratory Refrigerator, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Deep Cryogenic Car Freezer. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Deep Low Temp Car Freezer-, soil-, and fire-Portable Low Temp Car Freezer. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Low Temp Car Freezer,Car Freezer.Upright Ultra Low Temperature Freezer , and not damaged by mildew.Small Deep Low Temperature Freezer , nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Upright Ultra Low Temperature Freezer -based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Ultra Low Cryogenic Freezer . This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Ultra Deep Cold Temperature Freezer , the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Cold Medical Freezer. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Ultra Low Temperature Medical Freezer ,Upright Ultra-Low Cryogenic Freezer. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Mini Chest Deep Low Temp Refrigerator, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.So-cold Temp Medical Freezer.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Chest Ultra-Low Cryogenic Freezer. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Ultra-Low Cryogenic Freezer.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Temperature Controlled Shakers. The four basic forms are filament,2-8 Degrees Glass Door Pharmacy Vaccine Refrigerator, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Visible Display Pharmacy Refrigerator , producing smooth-Mini Display Pharmacy Refrigerator .Small Display Pharmacy Refrigerator , filaments are cut to short,Display Medical Refrigerator.Display Vaccine Refrigerator . Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Big Vaccine Refrigerator .

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Vaccine Refrigerator,Display Medical Pharmacy Fridge , is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Glass Door Display Fridge . The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Big Display Fridge , which are usually round,Mini Blood Bank Refrigerator . The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Display Blood Bank Refrigerator .
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Big Blood Bank Refrigerator . The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Medical Refrigerator.
• Carbon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Hit Anchor with Flange Nut,Carbon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Pin Anchor with Conical Washer. Also,Hit Anchor,Shield Anchor.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Hollow Wall Anchor

Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Hollow Wall Anchor with O Hook, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Hollow Wall Anchor. The rope-Carnon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Express Nail.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Mushroom Head Stainless Steel Pin.Stainless Steel Round Coupling Nut.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Stainless Steel Hex Coupling Nut with Holes, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Coupling Nut.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Carbon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Cut Anchor with Knurling.Stainless Steel Drop in Anchor with Knurling and Lip.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Carbon Steel Yellow Zinc Plated Drop in Anchor with Knurling. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Carbon Steel Bluewhite Zinc Plated Drop in Anchor with Knurling.Stainless Steel Drop in Anchor Without Knurling, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Drop in Anchor.

The Future

Stainless Steel Chemical Anchor with Hex Nut and Washer,Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Chemical Anchor's fastest-growing fiber.Carbon Steel Hot Dip Galvanized HDG Chemical Anchor. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Chemical Anchor, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Stainless Steel Sleeve Anchor with Hex Nut and Flat Washer. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Stainless Steel Sleeve Anchor with Fish Fins, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.