Polyester

Background

Detachable Type Autoloader, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,European Type Hopper Dryers. In this reaction,Dehumidification Drying Feeder.Dehumidifying and Drying System.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Dehumidifying and Drying Machinery, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Cabinet Dryer. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Central Material Handling System-, soil-, and fire-Dehumidifying and Drying Machine. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.European Type Hopper Dryer,Hot Air Dryer.HDV Conveyor Integrated Hot Air Dryer, and not damaged by mildew.Hopper Dryer, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Dehumidifying and Drying-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Manganese Gluconate. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Copper Gluconate, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Zinc Gluconate. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Magnesium Gluconate,Potassium Gluconate. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Magnesium Lactate, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Zinc Lactate.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Ferrous Lactate. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Potassium Citrate.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Calcium Citrate. The four basic forms are filament,Ferric Sulphate, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Magnesium Chloride, producing smooth-Calcium Chloride.Magnesium Carbonate, filaments are cut to short,Minerals.Freshener Blends. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Solidification Stabilizer Blends.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Defoamer Blends,Bleaching Agent Blends, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Emulsifers Blends. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Acidity Regulator Blends, which are usually round,Preservatives Blends. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Antioxidants Blends.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Curing Agent For Meat. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product.
• Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet,Leavening Agent Blends. Also,Water Holding Agent Blends,Emulsifying Thickners Blends.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Thickners Blends

Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Baking Powder For Noodles. The rope-Vegetarian Meat Meal.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Fat Replacement Powder.Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Aluminium Phosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Zinc Metaphosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Diammonium Phosphate.Zinc Phosphate.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Boron Phosphate. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate.Ammonium Metaphosphate, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Sodium Metaphosphate.

The Future

Specialty Phosphates,Ferric Orthophosphate's fastest-growing fiber.Potassium Metaphosphate. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Dipotassium Phosphate, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Potassium Phosphates. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Sodium Trimetaphosphate, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.