Polyester

Background

Antioxidants Blends, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Curing Agent For Meat. In this reaction,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product.Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Leavening Agent Blends, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Water Holding Agent Blends. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Emulsifying Thickners Blends-, soil-, and fire-Thickners Blends. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks,Baking Powder For Noodles.Vegetarian Meat Meal, and not damaged by mildew.Fat Replacement Powder, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Aluminium Phosphate. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Zinc Metaphosphate, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Diammonium Phosphate. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Zinc Phosphate,Boron Phosphate. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Ammonium Metaphosphate.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Sodium Metaphosphate. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Specialty Phosphates.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Ferric Orthophosphate. The four basic forms are filament,Potassium Metaphosphate, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Dipotassium Phosphate, producing smooth-Potassium Phosphates.Sodium Trimetaphosphate, filaments are cut to short,Sodium Hexametaphosphate.Trisodium Pyrophosphate. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Trisodium Phosphate.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Disodium Phosphate,Monosodium Phosphate, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Tricalcium Phosphate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Monocalcium Phosphate, which are usually round,Calcium Phosphates. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Phosphates.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Evenly heated. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,smokeless.
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Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Waterproof Long Lasting Eyeliner

Eyeliner, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Moisturizing Essence Rose Water. The rope-Skin Care.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-2 in 1 cream and liquid foundation.Ampoule Cushion Foundation.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Perfect Coverage Foundation Cream, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Brightening Liquid Foundation.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Zero Pores Separation Cream.Brightening Liquid Highlighter.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,long lasting Lip Gloss. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Flattering Face Blush.Double Head Mascara, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Dense Slender Mascara.

The Future

Eyes makeup,Silky Eyebrow Powder's fastest-growing fiber.Waterproof Liquid Eyebrow Pencil. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Waterproof Eyebrow Pencils, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,High Pigment Eyeshadow Palette. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Natural Organic Makeup Cleansing Oil, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.