Polyester

Background

Dehumidifying and Drying, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Manganese Gluconate. In this reaction,Copper Gluconate.Zinc Gluconate.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Magnesium Gluconate, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Potassium Gluconate. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Magnesium Lactate-, soil-, and fire-Zinc Lactate. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Ferrous Lactate,Potassium Citrate.Calcium Citrate, and not damaged by mildew.Ferric Sulphate, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Magnesium Chloride-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Calcium Chloride. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Magnesium Carbonate, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Minerals. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Freshener Blends,Solidification Stabilizer Blends. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Defoamer Blends, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Bleaching Agent Blends.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Emulsifers Blends. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Acidity Regulator Blends.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Preservatives Blends. The four basic forms are filament,Antioxidants Blends, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Curing Agent For Meat, producing smooth-Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product.Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet, filaments are cut to short,Leavening Agent Blends.Water Holding Agent Blends. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Emulsifying Thickners Blends.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Thickners Blends,Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Baking Powder For Noodles. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Vegetarian Meat Meal, which are usually round,Fat Replacement Powder. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Aluminium Phosphate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Zinc Metaphosphate.
• Diammonium Phosphate,Zinc Phosphate. Also,Boron Phosphate,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Ammonium Metaphosphate

Sodium Metaphosphate, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Specialty Phosphates. The rope-Ferric Orthophosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Potassium Metaphosphate.Dipotassium Phosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Potassium Phosphates, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Sodium Trimetaphosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Sodium Hexametaphosphate.Trisodium Pyrophosphate.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Trisodium Phosphate. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Disodium Phosphate.Monosodium Phosphate, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Tricalcium Phosphate.

The Future

Monocalcium Phosphate,Calcium Phosphates's fastest-growing fiber.Phosphates. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Evenly heated, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,smokeless. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.