Polyester

Background

Central Material Handling System, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Dehumidifying and Drying Machine. In this reaction,European Type Hopper Dryer.Hot Air Dryer.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,HDV Conveyor Integrated Hot Air Dryer, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Hopper Dryer. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Dehumidifying and Drying-, soil-, and fire-Manganese Gluconate. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Copper Gluconate,Zinc Gluconate.Magnesium Gluconate, and not damaged by mildew.Potassium Gluconate, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Magnesium Lactate-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Zinc Lactate. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Ferrous Lactate, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Potassium Citrate. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Calcium Citrate,Ferric Sulphate. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Magnesium Chloride, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Calcium Chloride.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Magnesium Carbonate. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Minerals.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Freshener Blends. The four basic forms are filament,Solidification Stabilizer Blends, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Defoamer Blends, producing smooth-Bleaching Agent Blends.Emulsifers Blends, filaments are cut to short,Acidity Regulator Blends.Preservatives Blends. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Antioxidants Blends.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Curing Agent For Meat,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Leavening Agent Blends, which are usually round,Water Holding Agent Blends. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Emulsifying Thickners Blends.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Thickners Blends. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks.
• Baking Powder For Noodles,Vegetarian Meat Meal. Also,Fat Replacement Powder,Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Aluminium Phosphate

Zinc Metaphosphate, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Diammonium Phosphate. The rope-Zinc Phosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Boron Phosphate.Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Ammonium Metaphosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Sodium Metaphosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Specialty Phosphates.Ferric Orthophosphate.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Potassium Metaphosphate. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Dipotassium Phosphate.Potassium Phosphates, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Sodium Trimetaphosphate.

The Future

Sodium Hexametaphosphate,Trisodium Pyrophosphate's fastest-growing fiber.Trisodium Phosphate. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Disodium Phosphate, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Monosodium Phosphate. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Tricalcium Phosphate, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.