Polyester

Background

European Type Hopper Dryers, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Dehumidification Drying Feeder. In this reaction,Dehumidifying and Drying System.Dehumidifying and Drying Machinery.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Cabinet Dryer, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Central Material Handling System. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Dehumidifying and Drying Machine-, soil-, and fire-European Type Hopper Dryer. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Hot Air Dryer,HDV Conveyor Integrated Hot Air Dryer.Hopper Dryer, and not damaged by mildew.Dehumidifying and Drying, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Manganese Gluconate-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Copper Gluconate. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Zinc Gluconate, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Magnesium Gluconate. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Potassium Gluconate,Magnesium Lactate. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Zinc Lactate, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Ferrous Lactate.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Potassium Citrate. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Calcium Citrate.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Ferric Sulphate. The four basic forms are filament,Magnesium Chloride, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Calcium Chloride, producing smooth-Magnesium Carbonate.Minerals, filaments are cut to short,Freshener Blends.Solidification Stabilizer Blends. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Defoamer Blends.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Bleaching Agent Blends,Emulsifers Blends, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Acidity Regulator Blends. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Preservatives Blends, which are usually round,Antioxidants Blends. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Curing Agent For Meat.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet.
• Leavening Agent Blends,Water Holding Agent Blends. Also,Emulsifying Thickners Blends,Thickners Blends.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks

Baking Powder For Noodles, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Vegetarian Meat Meal. The rope-Fat Replacement Powder.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated.Aluminium Phosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Zinc Metaphosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Diammonium Phosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Zinc Phosphate.Boron Phosphate.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Ammonium Metaphosphate.Sodium Metaphosphate, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Specialty Phosphates.

The Future

Ferric Orthophosphate,Potassium Metaphosphate's fastest-growing fiber.Dipotassium Phosphate. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Potassium Phosphates, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Sodium Trimetaphosphate. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Sodium Hexametaphosphate, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.