Polyester

Background

Preservatives Blends, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Antioxidants Blends. In this reaction,Curing Agent For Meat.Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Leavening Agent Blends. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Water Holding Agent Blends-, soil-, and fire-Emulsifying Thickners Blends. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Thickners Blends,Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks.Baking Powder For Noodles, and not damaged by mildew.Vegetarian Meat Meal, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Fat Replacement Powder-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Aluminium Phosphate, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Zinc Metaphosphate. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Diammonium Phosphate,Zinc Phosphate. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Boron Phosphate, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Ammonium Metaphosphate. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Sodium Metaphosphate.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Specialty Phosphates. The four basic forms are filament,Ferric Orthophosphate, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Potassium Metaphosphate, producing smooth-Dipotassium Phosphate.Potassium Phosphates, filaments are cut to short,Sodium Trimetaphosphate.Sodium Hexametaphosphate. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Trisodium Pyrophosphate.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Trisodium Phosphate,Disodium Phosphate, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Monosodium Phosphate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Tricalcium Phosphate, which are usually round,Monocalcium Phosphate. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Calcium Phosphates.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Phosphates. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Evenly heated.
• smokeless,H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder. Also,H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR,S3 Series 1080P SD Card Mobile DVR.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Long Lasting Waterproof Eyeliner Gel

Waterproof Long Lasting Eyeliner, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Eyeliner. The rope-Moisturizing Essence Rose Water.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Skin Care.2 in 1 cream and liquid foundation.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Ampoule Cushion Foundation, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Perfect Coverage Foundation Cream.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Brightening Liquid Foundation.Zero Pores Separation Cream.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Brightening Liquid Highlighter. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)long lasting Lip Gloss.Flattering Face Blush, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Double Head Mascara.

The Future

Dense Slender Mascara,Eyes makeup's fastest-growing fiber.Silky Eyebrow Powder. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Waterproof Liquid Eyebrow Pencil, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Waterproof Eyebrow Pencils. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.High Pigment Eyeshadow Palette, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.