Polyester

Background

Cabinet Dryer, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Central Material Handling System. In this reaction,Dehumidifying and Drying Machine.European Type Hopper Dryer.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Hot Air Dryer, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.HDV Conveyor Integrated Hot Air Dryer. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Hopper Dryer-, soil-, and fire-Dehumidifying and Drying. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Manganese Gluconate,Copper Gluconate.Zinc Gluconate, and not damaged by mildew.Magnesium Gluconate, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Potassium Gluconate-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Magnesium Lactate. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Zinc Lactate, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Ferrous Lactate. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Potassium Citrate,Calcium Citrate. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Ferric Sulphate, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Magnesium Chloride.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Calcium Chloride. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Magnesium Carbonate.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Minerals. The four basic forms are filament,Freshener Blends, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Solidification Stabilizer Blends, producing smooth-Defoamer Blends.Bleaching Agent Blends, filaments are cut to short,Emulsifers Blends.Acidity Regulator Blends. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Preservatives Blends.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Antioxidants Blends,Curing Agent For Meat, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet, which are usually round,Leavening Agent Blends. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Water Holding Agent Blends.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Emulsifying Thickners Blends. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Thickners Blends.
• Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks,Baking Powder For Noodles. Also,Vegetarian Meat Meal,Fat Replacement Powder.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated

Aluminium Phosphate, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Zinc Metaphosphate. The rope-Diammonium Phosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Zinc Phosphate.Boron Phosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Ammonium Metaphosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Sodium Metaphosphate.Specialty Phosphates.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Ferric Orthophosphate. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Potassium Metaphosphate.Dipotassium Phosphate, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Potassium Phosphates.

The Future

Sodium Trimetaphosphate,Sodium Hexametaphosphate's fastest-growing fiber.Trisodium Pyrophosphate. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Trisodium Phosphate, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Disodium Phosphate. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Monosodium Phosphate, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.