Polyester

Background

Copper Gluconate, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Zinc Gluconate. In this reaction,Magnesium Gluconate.Potassium Gluconate.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Magnesium Lactate, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Zinc Lactate. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Ferrous Lactate-, soil-, and fire-Potassium Citrate. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Calcium Citrate,Ferric Sulphate.Magnesium Chloride, and not damaged by mildew.Calcium Chloride, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Magnesium Carbonate-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Minerals. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Freshener Blends, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,Solidification Stabilizer Blends. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Defoamer Blends,Bleaching Agent Blends. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Emulsifers Blends, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Acidity Regulator Blends.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Preservatives Blends. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Antioxidants Blends.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.Curing Agent For Meat. The four basic forms are filament,Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet, producing smooth-Leavening Agent Blends.Water Holding Agent Blends, filaments are cut to short,Emulsifying Thickners Blends.Thickners Blends. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Baking Powder For Noodles,Vegetarian Meat Meal, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Fat Replacement Powder. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated, which are usually round,Aluminium Phosphate. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Zinc Metaphosphate.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Diammonium Phosphate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Zinc Phosphate.
• Boron Phosphate,Aluminium Dihydrogen Phosphate. Also,Ammonium Metaphosphate,Sodium Metaphosphate.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Specialty Phosphates

Ferric Orthophosphate, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Potassium Metaphosphate. The rope-Dipotassium Phosphate.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Potassium Phosphates.Sodium Trimetaphosphate.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Sodium Hexametaphosphate, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Trisodium Pyrophosphate.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Trisodium Phosphate.Disodium Phosphate.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Monosodium Phosphate. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Tricalcium Phosphate.Monocalcium Phosphate, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Calcium Phosphates.

The Future

Phosphates,Evenly heated's fastest-growing fiber.smokeless. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,H2 Series 720P Small Size Hard Disk Mobile Digital Video Recorder, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,H5 Series 1080P Single-Ding Mobile DVR. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.S3 Series 1080P SD Card Mobile DVR, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.