Polyester

Background

Dehumidifier, air, water, and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory,Low Speed Granulators. In this reaction,Middle Speed Granulators.Strong Granulators.

Polyester is used in the manufacture of many products, including clothing, home furnishings,Vertical Color Mixer, computer and recording tapes, and electrical insulation.Central Conveying System. It does not absorb moisture, but does absorb oil;Mixer-, soil-, and fire-Mold Temperature Controller-Water Based. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains.Dual Mold Temperature Controller-Water Based,Central Chiller Dual Machine.TCOD Oil Type Mold Temperature Machine, and not damaged by mildew.TCHW A cold and hot integrated temperature controller, nonallergenic insulator, so the material is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

History

In 1926,Heating and Cooling-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.Self Contained Vacuum Hopper Loaders. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers,Detachable Type Autoloader, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of the polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946,European Type Hopper Dryers. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.Dehumidification Drying Feeder,Dehumidifying and Drying System. Today, there are two primary types of polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET, the more popular type, is applicable to a wider variety of uses.Dehumidifying and Drying Machinery, though PCDT is more elastic and resilient. PCDT is suited to the heavier consumer uses, such as draperies and furniture coverings.Cabinet Dryer.

Raw Materials

Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken intopoly,meaning many, andester,a basic organic chemical compound. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of polyester is ethylene,Central Material Handling System. In this process, ethylene is the polymer, the chemical building block of polyester,Dehumidifying and Drying Machine.

The Manufacturing
Process

Polyester is manufactured by one of several methods.European Type Hopper Dryer. The four basic forms are filament,Hot Air Dryer, tow, and fiberfill. In the filament form,HDV Conveyor Integrated Hot Air Dryer, producing smooth-Hopper Dryer.Dehumidifying and Drying, filaments are cut to short,Manganese Gluconate.Copper Gluconate. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn loosely together. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of quilts, pillows, and outerwear.Zinc Gluconate.

Manufacturing Filament Yarn

Polymerization

• 1 To form polyester, dimethyl terephthalate is first reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 302-410°F (150-210°C).
• 2 The resulting chemical, a monomer (single, non-repeating molecule) alcohol, is combined with terephthalic acid and raised to a temperature of 472°F (280°C). Newly-Magnesium Gluconate,Potassium Gluconate, is extruded through a slot to form long ribbons.

Drying

• 3 After the polyester emerges from polymerization,Magnesium Lactate. The material is cut into tiny chips and completely dried to prevent irregularities in consistency.

Melt spinning

• 4 Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like solution.Zinc Lactate, which are usually round,Ferrous Lactate. The number of holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn,Potassium Citrate.
• 5 At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to the solution to make the resulting material flame retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.

Drawing the fiber

• 6 When polyester emerges from the spinneret,Calcium Citrate. The stretching forces the random polyester molecules to align in a parallel formation. This increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. This time, when the filaments dry,Ferric Sulphate.
• Magnesium Chloride,Calcium Chloride. Also,Magnesium Carbonate,Minerals.

Winding

• 8 After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material.

Freshener Blends

Solidification Stabilizer Blends, polymerization, drying, and melt spinning (steps 1-4 above) are much the same as in the manufacture of filament yarn. However, in the melt spinning process,Defoamer Blends. The rope-Bleaching Agent Blends.

Drawing tow

• 1 Newly-Emulsifers Blends.Acidity Regulator Blends.

Crimping

• 2 Drawn tow is then fed into compression boxes,Preservatives Blends, at a rate of 9-15 crimps per inch (3-6 per cm).Antioxidants Blends.

Setting

• 3 After the tow is crimped, it is heated at 212-302°F (100-150°C)Curing Agent For Meat.Water Holding Agent For Surimi Product.

Cutting

• 4 Following heat setting,Water Holding Agent For Fish Fillet. Polyester that will be blended with cotton is cut in 1.25-1.50 inch (3.2-3.8 cm) pieces; for rayon blends, 2 inch (5 cm)Leavening Agent Blends.Water Holding Agent Blends, such ascarpet,polyester filaments are cut into 6 inch (15 cm)Emulsifying Thickners Blends.

The Future

Thickners Blends,Baking Powder For Deep-fried Dough Sticks's fastest-growing fiber.Baking Powder For Noodles. However, polyester has suffered an "image problem" since that time, and clothes made out of polyester were often devalued and even ridiculed. Several new forms of polyester introduced in the early 1990s may help revitalize the image of polyester. A new form of polyester fiber,Vegetarian Meat Meal, was introduced to the public in 1991. More luxurious and versatile than traditional polyester,Fat Replacement Powder. Clothing designers such as Mary McFadden have created a line of clothes using this new form of polyester.Carrageenan For Tumbling And Marinated, a superfiber material used to make bulletproof vests. This type of polyester may eventually be used as composite materials for cars and airplanes.